AKA: Mitragyna speciosa, biak-biak, ketum, kakuam
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III. Chemical Profile ( IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Kratom has been traditionally used in Southeast Asia for centuries, primarily as a stimulant at low doses and as a sedative at high doses. It gained popularity in Western countries in recent decades, touted for its potential therapeutic effects and recreational use. However, concerns over safety and dependence have led to regulatory scrutiny in various countries.
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V. Legal Information
Kratom's legal status varies by country. In the US, it is federally legal but banned in some states and municipalities due to safety concerns and potential for abuse. Other countries have varying regulations, from unrestricted use to complete bans.
US Federal Schedule - I
Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples of Schedule I drugs are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Kratom's effects vary depending on dosage. At lower doses (1-5 grams), it acts as a stimulant, providing increased energy, alertness, and sociability. At higher doses (5-15 grams), it acts as a sedative, producing feelings of relaxation and euphoria. However, higher doses can also lead to drowsiness, nausea, and respiratory depression.
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VII. Psychological Effects
Psychologically, kratom users report mood enhancement, increased focus, and relief from anxiety and depression at lower doses. At higher doses, it can induce sedation, analgesia, and even hallucinations. The psychological effects can vary widely between individuals and depend on the strain and dosage.
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