AKA: Desoxyn, D-desoxyephedrine, ICE, Crank, Speed, Meth
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile ( IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Methamphetamine's history is marked by significant discoveries and initial uses that shaped its trajectory. In 1887, Japanese chemist Nagai Nagayoshi identified ephedrine as the active compound in ephedra, a plant with stimulant properties. This laid the foundation for further exploration. By 1919, another Japanese chemist, Akira Ogata, synthesized methamphetamine from ephedrine, creating crystal methamphetamine, the crystalline form associated with modern usage. Initially marketed as a nasal decongestant, methamphetamine was touted as a less addictive alternative to amphetamine. During World War II, its use extended to enhancing alertness and endurance in soldiers, reflecting its evolving roles and perceptions.
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V. Legal Information
Methamphetamine's legal status varies globally. In many countries, it is classified as a controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse and addiction. Legal penalties for possession, distribution, and production vary widely, with some countries imposing strict penalties including imprisonment, reflecting efforts to combat its widespread illicit use and associated public health challenges.
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Methamphetamine use can lead to heightened physical activity, decreased appetite, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure. Prolonged abuse can result in severe dental problems (meth mouth), skin sores, and weight loss due to suppressed appetite.
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VII. Psychological Effects
Methamphetamine abuse can cause anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, aggression, and mood disturbances. Chronic use may lead to cognitive deficits, memory loss, and increased risk of developing mental health disorders such as depression and psychosis
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