AKA: Tobacco, Nicotiana, Nic
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III. Chemical Profile ( IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Nicotine, the primary alkaloid found in tobacco plants, has been used by humans for thousands of years. Native Americans used tobacco in religious and medicinal practices long before European explorers arrived. After its introduction to Europe in the 16th century, tobacco quickly became popular worldwide. Despite growing evidence of its addictive properties and health risks, tobacco use persisted and became a significant part of many cultures. In the 20th century, the health hazards of smoking, including lung cancer and heart disease, led to widespread public health campaigns and regulations to reduce tobacco use.
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V. Legal Information
Nicotine-containing products, primarily tobacco, are legal for adults in most countries, though heavily regulated due to their health risks. Regulations often include age restrictions, marketing limitations, and requirements for health warnings on packaging. Some countries also regulate nicotine-containing e-cigarettes and other vaping products.
Not Scheduled
Nicotine itself is not classified as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act, but its use is regulated through various public health policies and regulations targeting tobacco products.
Key US Federal Policies:
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gives the FDA authority to regulate the manufacture, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products. Policies include age restrictions for purchase, health warning labels, and restrictions on advertising.
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VI. Physical Effects
Nicotine affects the body by stimulating the adrenal glands, resulting in the release of adrenaline and an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. It also raises levels of dopamine in the brain, contributing to feelings of pleasure and reward, which reinforce its addictive nature. Long-term use of nicotine, primarily through smoking, is associated with serious health risks, including respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and various forms of cancer.
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VII. Psychological Effects
Psychologically, nicotine can enhance mood, improve concentration, and reduce stress and anxiety, which contributes to its widespread use and addiction. However, these effects are short-lived and often lead to a cycle of dependency. Withdrawal symptoms from nicotine include irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and strong cravings, making it challenging for individuals to quit.
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VIII. Culture
Tobacco has played a significant role in various cultures and societies throughout history. It was used in ceremonial practices by indigenous peoples in the Americas and became a major economic commodity for European colonies. The image of the 'Marlboro Man' and other advertising icons have cemented tobacco's place in popular culture, despite the growing awareness of its health risks. The lore of nicotine and tobacco is a complex blend of cultural significance, economic impact, and public health challenges.
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