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Name: 4-Methoxyamphetamine
Type: Psychedelic phenethylamine
AKA: PMA
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
4-Methoxyamphetamine, a synthetic stimulant, was first synthesized in the 1970s. It is a methoxy derivative of amphetamine, designed to explore its psychoactive properties. The substance's initial use was in research into new psychoactive compounds. Its recreational use grew due to its stimulant effects, leading to regulatory concerns. The compound's history reflects broader trends in the development and regulation of synthetic stimulants, emphasizing the challenges of balancing innovation with safety.
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V. Legal Information
4-Methoxyamphetamine, a psychedelic amphetamine, is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the US, making it illegal. Many countries have similarly banned it due to its potent psychoactive effects. The UNODC monitors new psychoactive substances, emphasizing the need for international regulation to prevent misuse. Trends show increasing global control measures.
US Federal Schedule - I
Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples of Schedule I drugs are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
4-Methoxyamphetamine (4-MA) is a stimulant with effects including increased energy, alertness, and euphoria. It often leads to dilated pupils, elevated heart rate, and increased blood pressure. Short-term effects include enhanced mood and cognitive function, while long-term use may cause cardiovascular strain, psychological dependence, and potential for abuse. Overdose risks involve severe agitation, hallucinations, and cardiovascular issues. Safe use involves careful dosing. Recent research highlights its stimulant properties and potential for abuse.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
4-Methoxyamphetamine, a psychoactive substance, affects serotonin and dopamine systems, leading to mood enhancement and altered perception. Immediate effects include euphoria and sensory distortions, lasting several hours. Long-term use may result in mood disturbances and cognitive impairments. Research emphasizes its stimulant and hallucinogenic effects with associated risks of psychological dependence.
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VIII. Culture
4-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA) is a stimulant and hallucinogen that has been used recreationally, often mistaken for MDMA. PMA has been associated with numerous fatalities due to its high toxicity and unpredictable effects. Historically, amphetamines have been used for various medical conditions and recreational purposes. PMA's cultural significance lies in its role in the underground drug scene, highlighting the dangers of synthetic drugs and the challenges of regulating and educating about these substances. Media coverage often emphasizes the risks associated with PMA use, contributing to ongoing discussions about public health and drug policy.
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