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Name: Amphetamine
Type: Stimulant
AKA: Dexedrine, Adderall, Obetrol
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant first synthesized in the late 19th century. It gained prominence in the 1930s as a treatment for narcolepsy and ADHD. Amphetamine is known for its ability to increase alertness, concentration, and energy levels. It has a high potential for abuse and dependence, leading to its regulation as a controlled substance in many countries.
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V. Legal Information
Amphetamine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the US due to its potential for abuse. It is used medically to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Globally, amphetamine is similarly regulated, with controls focused on preventing misuse while allowing for legitimate medical use.
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Amphetamine, a stimulant, increases alertness and energy. As an upper, it raises heart rate and blood pressure. Short-term effects include euphoria and increased focus, while long-term use may lead to cardiovascular problems and dependence. Overdose risks include severe agitation, psychosis, and cardiovascular issues. Safe dosing varies based on use, typically 5-30 mg. Recent research highlights its therapeutic uses and potential for abuse, emphasizing the need for regulated use.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Amphetamine, a stimulant, affects dopamine and norepinephrine systems, leading to increased alertness and euphoria. Psychological effects include improved focus and mood enhancement. Long-term use can result in dependence and cognitive impairments. Research focuses on its therapeutic uses and potential side effects.
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VIII. Culture
Amphetamine is a potent stimulant, classifying it as an upper. Short-term use increases energy, alertness, and euphoria, while long-term use can lead to cardiovascular issues, psychological dependence, and cognitive impairment. Overdose risks include severe agitation, cardiovascular problems, and potential psychosis. Safe dosages are typically controlled in medical settings. Recent research highlights its efficacy in treating ADHD but warns of potential for abuse and significant health risks. Physical effects include dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure.
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