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Name: Barbituric acid derivative
Type: Barbiturate
AKA: Barbiturates not specifically listed
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Barbituric acid derivatives, developed in the early 20th century, were among the first sedative-hypnotic drugs used to treat anxiety and sleep disorders. Their use has declined with the development of newer medications due to concerns about addiction and overdose.
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V. Legal Information
Barbituric Acid Derivatives are a class of compounds with sedative and hypnotic properties. They are controlled under barbiturate laws due to potential for abuse and addiction. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - III
Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Barbituric acid derivatives are used as sedatives and hypnotics. They act as downers, causing sedation, reduced heart rate, and dilated pupils. Short-term use is effective for sleep disorders, but long-term use can lead to dependence, cognitive impairment, and significant health issues. Overdose risks include severe sedation, respiratory depression, and potential death. Safe use involves precise dosing and medical supervision. Recent research emphasizes their efficacy and risks associated with prolonged use.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Barbituric acid derivatives, used as sedatives and anxiolytics, induce relaxation, mood stabilization, and cognitive impairment. Immediate effects include reduced anxiety and sedation. Long-term use may lead to dependence, tolerance, and cognitive deficits. Chronic use is associated with mood disorders and potential addiction. Recent studies highlight their effectiveness in treating anxiety but also emphasize risks of long-term use and dependence.
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VIII. Culture
Barbituric acid derivatives, including various barbiturates, were first synthesized in the late 19th century. They were significant in the development of sedative and hypnotic medications. Their cultural impact includes their use in early psychiatry and as sleep aids, but their potential for addiction led to decreased use in favor of newer drugs. Proponents valued their effectiveness in sedation and anesthesia, while opponents focus on their risks of dependency and overdose.
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