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Name: Buprenorphine
Type: Opioid analgesic
AKA: Buprenex, Temgesic, Subutex, Suboxone
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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IV. History
Buprenorphine, a semi-synthetic opioid, was first synthesized in 1966 by Dr. N. G. K. P. Dr. G. H. G. L. G. H. it is used for pain management and opioid addiction treatment due to its partial agonist properties at opioid receptors. It is primarily produced in the United States and Europe. It plays a significant role in addiction treatment programs as a safer alternative to methadone and has been recognized for its ability to reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent individuals.
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V. Legal Information
Buprenorphine is an opioid used in addiction treatment and pain management. It is controlled under opioid regulations to manage its medical use and prevent misuse. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - III
Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid addiction. It provides pain relief and reduces withdrawal symptoms. As a downer, it causes sedation, constricted pupils, and a reduced heart rate. Short-term use is effective for pain management and addiction treatment, while long-term use may lead to dependence and respiratory issues. Overdose risks involve respiratory depression. Safe use requires medical oversight. Recent research focuses on its effectiveness in opioid dependence treatment and associated risks.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist primarily used for opioid addiction treatment. It interacts with mu-opioid receptors, providing analgesia and euphoria while reducing cravings. Immediate effects include mood elevation, reduced pain, and sedation. Long-term use can stabilize mood and improve cognitive function but may also lead to dependence. Recent research indicates that buprenorphine helps reduce opioid withdrawal symptoms and cravings with a lower risk of overdose compared to full agonists. However, prolonged use may result in mood swings and potential cognitive impairments.
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VIII. Culture
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid addiction and manage pain, classifying it as a downer. Short-term use reduces withdrawal symptoms and cravings, while long-term use can maintain sobriety in opioid-dependent individuals. Overdose risks are lower than with full agonists but still possible, leading to respiratory depression. Safe dosages are medically prescribed, often starting at 2-8 mg per day. Recent research supports its effectiveness in opioid dependence treatment. Physical effects include reduced pain sensation and potential constipation.
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