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Name: Butalbital
Type: Barbiturate
AKA: Fiorinal, Butalbital with aspirin
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Butalbital is a barbiturate first synthesized in the mid-20th century. It is commonly combined with other medications like acetaminophen or aspirin for the treatment of tension headaches and migraines. Butalbital is effective due to its sedative and muscle-relaxing properties. However, its potential for dependence and abuse has led to controlled status in many regions.
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V. Legal Information
Butalbital is a barbiturate classified as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions, including as a Schedule III drug in the US. It is used in combination with other medications for headache relief. The global trend is towards regulated use due to its potential for abuse and dependence, with efforts to control barbiturate use to prevent misuse while allowing for medical applications.
US Federal Schedule - III
Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Butalbital, a barbiturate, is used for its sedative and analgesic properties. As a downer, it provides significant sedation and pain relief. Short-term effects include drowsiness and relaxation, while long-term use may result in dependence, tolerance, and cognitive impairment. Overdose risks include severe sedation, respiratory depression, and potentially fatal outcomes. Safe dosing typically ranges from 50-200 mg, depending on individual response. Recent research highlights its effectiveness for pain relief but also notes the risks of dependence and overdose.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Butalbital, a barbiturate, impacts GABA-A receptors, resulting in sedation and mood alteration. Psychological effects include reduced anxiety and potential cognitive impairment with long-term use. Effects last 4-6 hours, with risks of dependence and mental health issues. Recent studies examine its role in treating headache disorders and its safety profile.
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VIII. Culture
Butalbital, a barbiturate, has been used since the mid-20th century for its sedative and analgesic properties, often in combination with other medications to treat headaches and pain. Its cultural significance is linked to the broader use of barbiturates in medical and recreational contexts. In the mid-20th century, barbiturates were commonly prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and pain, but their potential for abuse and overdose led to increased regulation and a decline in use. Butalbital remains part of the ongoing discourse on the risks and benefits of sedative medications, reflecting changes in medical practice and societal attitudes towards drug safety.
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