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Name: Butorphanol
Type: Opioid analgesic
AKA: Stadol, Stadol NS, Torbugesic, Torbutrol
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Butorphanol, introduced in the 1970s, is a synthetic opioid used for pain management. It is known for its mixed agonist-antagonist properties, making it effective for treating moderate to severe pain while having a lower risk of addiction compared to other opioids.
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V. Legal Information
Butorphanol, an opioid analgesic used for pain management, is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse. Its status reflects efforts to manage its use and prevent misuse.
US Federal Schedule - IV
Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Butorphanol is an opioid used for pain management. As a downer, it provides significant analgesic effects and sedation. Short-term effects include reduced pain and euphoria, while long-term use can lead to dependence and tolerance. Overdose risks involve severe respiratory depression and potential fatality. Safe dosing requires medical supervision. Recent research focuses on its efficacy and risks of misuse.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Butorphanol, an opioid analgesic, affects opioid receptors to provide pain relief and mood enhancement. Immediate effects include euphoria and cognitive impairment, while long-term use can lead to dependence, cognitive decline, and psychological issues such as depression. Effects last several hours, with risks of significant mental health issues with chronic use.
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VIII. Culture
Butorphanol, an opioid analgesic developed in the 1970s, is used for pain relief and as an anesthetic. Its cultural significance includes its role in pain management and its place in opioid debates. Proponents argue for its effectiveness in treating pain, while opponents highlight potential for addiction and misuse. Its use is primarily medicinal, with ongoing discussions about opioid alternatives and safety.
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