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Name: Clobazam
Type: Benzodiazepine
AKA: Urbadan, Urbanyl
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Clobazam is a benzodiazepine derivative developed in the 1960s by Hoechst AG (now part of Sanofi). It is primarily used to treat epilepsy, particularly as an adjunctive therapy for seizures. Clobazam is also used for anxiety disorders, though less commonly. Its unique 1,5-benzodiazepine structure gives it a different pharmacological profile compared to other benzodiazepines, making it an important option in managing specific medical conditions.
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V. Legal Information
Clobazam is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the US due to its potential for abuse and dependence. This classification was introduced in 2012 to address concerns about misuse. Globally, clobazam is also controlled under similar regulations, though it is generally available by prescription for medical use. The trend in many countries is to regulate benzodiazepines like clobazam to prevent misuse while allowing legitimate medical use.
US Federal Schedule - IV
Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Clobazam, a benzodiazepine, is used for its anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. As a downer, it depresses the central nervous system, leading to reduced anxiety, muscle relaxation, and drowsiness. Short-term effects include sedation and muscle relaxation, while long-term use can result in dependence, tolerance, and cognitive impairment. Overdose may cause severe sedation, respiratory depression, and potentially coma. Safe dosage typically ranges from 5 to 30 mg daily, depending on individual response. Recent findings indicate that clobazam is effective in treating epilepsy but requires careful management to avoid dependence.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Clobazam, a benzodiazepine, influences GABA-A receptors, leading to anxiolytic and sedative effects. Psychological effects include reduced anxiety and improved mood, but long-term use can cause cognitive impairments and dependence. Effects generally last 6-12 hours, with recent research focusing on its efficacy in treating epilepsy and its risk of cognitive decline with prolonged use.
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VIII. Culture
Clobazam, a benzodiazepine, has been used since the 1970s to treat epilepsy and anxiety disorders. Its cultural significance lies in its contribution to mental health treatment, particularly for conditions that were historically stigmatized. The drug has been integral in the narrative of mental health acceptance and the move towards pharmacological interventions. Its use in various cultures underscores the global prevalence of anxiety and seizure disorders. However, concerns over dependency and misuse reflect broader societal issues related to benzodiazepine medications, prompting ongoing debates about their role in long-term treatment strategies.
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