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Name: Coca Leaves
Type: Stimulant
AKA: Mambe, Acullico, Coca, Pijcho, Iq’in, Chacchar
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II. Natural Derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Coca leaves have been used by indigenous peoples in South America for thousands of years. The leaves are chewed or brewed into tea for their stimulant effects. Cocaine, a powerful alkaloid derived from these leaves, was isolated in the 19th century and has had significant medical and social impact.
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V. Legal Information
Coca leaves, the source of cocaine, are regulated under international drug control treaties. Their status reflects efforts to manage cocaine production and prevent abuse.
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Coca leaves, used traditionally for their stimulant properties, provide increased energy and reduced fatigue. As an upper, they enhance physical performance and mental clarity. Short-term effects include increased alertness and reduced appetite, while long-term use may lead to dependency and cardiovascular issues. Overdose risks involve severe cardiovascular problems. Safe use requires careful monitoring. Recent research focuses on their stimulant effects and potential for misuse.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Coca leaves, containing alkaloids like cocaine, affect dopamine systems, leading to increased alertness and euphoria. Immediate effects include heightened mood and cognitive enhancement, while long-term use can cause dependence, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Effects last a few hours, with chronic use linked to severe mental health issues such as psychosis and depression.
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VIII. Culture
Coca leaves contain alkaloids used traditionally for their stimulant effects, classifying them as uppers. Short-term use provides increased energy and reduced fatigue, while long-term use can lead to dependence, cardiovascular issues, and cognitive impairment. Overdose risks include severe agitation, cardiovascular problems, and potential for psychosis. Safe dosages are not well-established, with traditional use typically involving minimal amounts. Recent research emphasizes their stimulant properties and potential for abuse. Physical effects include dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and potential for cardiovascular issues.
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