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Name: Cocaine
Type: Stimulant
AKA: Methyl benzoylecgonine, Coke, Powder, White
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II. Natural Derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Cocaine, derived from the coca plant, has been used since ancient times by indigenous South American cultures for its stimulant and anesthetic properties. It was introduced to the Western world in the 19th century and remains significant in medical and recreational contexts.
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V. Legal Information
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant and local anesthetic with high abuse potential. It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. due to its addictive properties. Globally, its regulation is similarly strict, with trends towards increasing control to prevent misuse. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Cocaine, a stimulant derived from coca leaves, has been used since the 19th century for its euphoric effects. It acts as an upper, leading to increased energy and alertness. Physical impacts include elevated heart rate, dilated pupils, and increased blood pressure. Short-term use can cause agitation and anxiety, while long-term use may result in cardiovascular issues, addiction, and nasal damage. Overdose risks include severe cardiovascular and neurological effects, including death. Safe use is impossible due to high addiction potential. Recent research focuses on its impact on the brain and cardiovascular system.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Cocaine is a potent stimulant that causes euphoria, increased energy, and heightened alertness. Long-term use is linked to severe psychological issues, including paranoia, aggression, and cognitive decline. Research highlights its impact on dopamine systems and risks of addiction and mental health issues.
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VIII. Culture
Cocaine is a powerful stimulant that increases energy and alertness, classifying it as an upper. Short-term use may produce intense euphoria, while long-term use can lead to cardiovascular issues, dependence, and neurological damage. Overdose risks are high, causing severe cardiovascular complications, seizures, and potentially fatal outcomes. Safe dosages are not well-established, with lower doses advised. Recent research highlights its high potential for abuse and significant health risks. Physical effects include dilated pupils, increased heart rate, and elevated blood pressure.
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