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Name: Codeine & isoquinoline alkaloid 90 mg/du
Type: Opioid
AKA: Codeine with papaverine or noscapine
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II. Natural Derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Codeine, an opiate used for pain relief and cough suppression, has been in medical use since the 19th century. It is derived from the opium poppy and remains a staple in analgesic and antitussive therapies.
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V. Legal Information
Codeine is a widely used opioid for pain relief and cough suppression. It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. due to its potential for addiction. Internationally, codeine is regulated under similar frameworks, with increasing controls to prevent misuse and manage its impact. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - III
Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Codeine is an opioid used for pain relief and cough suppression. It acts as a downer, causing sedation and respiratory depression. Short-term use is beneficial for pain and cough, but long-term use can lead to addiction, tolerance, and respiratory issues. Overdose risks include fatal respiratory depression. Safe use requires careful dosing and monitoring. Recent research evaluates its efficacy compared to other opioids and its potential for abuse.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Codeine, an opioid, affects mood and cognition by inducing euphoria and pain relief. Immediate effects include mood elevation and cognitive impairment. Long-term use can lead to dependence, tolerance, and cognitive decline. Recent studies emphasize its potent effects and associated psychological risks, including dependence and mood disorders.
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VIII. Culture
Codeine is an opiate used for its analgesic and antitussive properties, with historical use dating back to the early 19th century. It was first isolated from opium and has been used in various medicinal formulations. Its cultural significance includes its role in managing pain and cough, but also concerns about addiction and misuse. Proponents emphasize its effectiveness, while opponents focus on its potential for dependence and the opioid crisis.
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