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Name: Crack Cocaine
Type: Stimulant
AKA: Methyl benzoylecgonine, Crack Rock
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II. Natural Derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Crack cocaine, a potent form of cocaine, emerged in the 1980s. It is produced by processing cocaine with baking soda, leading to a highly addictive form of the drug. Its use has had significant social and health impacts.
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V. Legal Information
Crack cocaine is a powerful stimulant with a high potential for abuse and addiction. It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, with stringent regulations to combat its illegal use and distribution. Many countries impose severe penalties for its possession and trafficking due to its devastating impact on public health and safety. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Crack cocaine is a powerful stimulant with intense psychoactive effects. It acts as an upper, increasing heart rate and euphoria. Short-term use can lead to heightened mood and energy, while long-term use may cause severe cardiovascular issues, addiction, and mental health problems. Overdose risks include cardiovascular collapse, stroke, and potential death. Safe use is not recommended due to high addiction potential and health risks. Recent research examines its effects and harm reduction strategies.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Crack cocaine, a powerful stimulant, affects dopamine systems, causing intense euphoria and increased energy. Immediate effects include mood enhancement and cognitive stimulation, lasting several minutes to an hour. Long-term use leads to severe psychological issues such as dependence, anxiety, paranoia, and cognitive decline. Research indicates significant mental health risks with chronic use, including potential for severe addiction and psychosis.
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VIII. Culture
Crack cocaine is a potent form of cocaine with intense effects. Its cultural significance is associated with its impact on drug addiction and its role in social issues. Media coverage often highlights the dangers of crack cocaine, including its addictive potential and social consequences. Crack cocaine is used recreationally rather than medicinally and contributes to discussions about drug addiction and policy.
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