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Name: Dextropropoxyphene, bulk (non-dosage forms)
Type: Opioid
AKA: Propoxyphene
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Dextropropoxyphene, an opioid analgesic, was first introduced in the 1950s. It was used to treat mild to moderate pain and was marketed under various brand names. Despite its effectiveness, concerns about its safety and potential for overdose led to its withdrawal from the market in many countries. In the US, the FDA withdrew it in 2010 due to risks of serious toxicity and overdose. The substance's history highlights the ongoing challenges in balancing pain management with the risk of opioid addiction and overdose.
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V. Legal Information
Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic used for pain relief. It is controlled in many regions due to its potential for abuse. In the U.S., it is regulated under the Controlled Substances Act as a Schedule IV drug. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic used for pain relief. It acts as a downer, causing sedation and respiratory depression. Short-term use can relieve pain effectively, but long-term use can lead to dependence, addiction, and potential liver damage. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression and possible death. Safe use requires careful dosing and monitoring. Recent research highlights concerns about its safety and potential for overdose, leading to its withdrawal from many markets.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic causing euphoria, sedation, and pain relief. Immediate effects include mood elevation and cognitive impairment. Long-term use can lead to addiction, tolerance, and severe withdrawal symptoms. Chronic use is associated with depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. Recent research emphasizes the high abuse potential and neurotoxicity of opioids.
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VIII. Culture
Dextropropoxyphene is an opioid analgesic providing pain relief, classifying it as a downer. Short-term use alleviates mild to moderate pain, while long-term use can lead to dependence and tolerance. Overdose is highly possible, causing severe respiratory depression and potentially fatal outcomes. Safe dosages are medically prescribed, typically under 65 mg per dose. Recent research highlights the need for caution due to addiction and overdose risks. Physical effects include drowsiness, constricted pupils, and respiratory depression.
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