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Name: Diazepam
Type: Benzodiazepine
AKA: Valium, Diastat
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Diazepam, commonly known as Valium, is a benzodiazepine first synthesized by Leo Sternbach at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1963. It quickly became one of the most widely prescribed medications for anxiety, seizures, and muscle spasms. Diazepam's development marked a significant advancement in the treatment of anxiety disorders and has had a lasting impact on psychopharmacology.
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V. Legal Information
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the US due to its potential for abuse and dependence. Globally, diazepam is similarly regulated under various drug control laws, with controls focusing on preventing misuse while allowing legitimate medical use. The trend is towards managing benzodiazepine use to address concerns about addiction and misuse.
US Federal Schedule - IV
Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, is used for its anxiolytic and sedative properties. As a downer, it reduces anxiety and induces drowsiness. Short-term effects include muscle relaxation and reduced anxiety, while long-term use can lead to dependence, tolerance, and cognitive impairment. Overdose risks include severe sedation, respiratory depression, and potential coma. Safe dosing typically ranges from 5-40 mg daily, depending on individual needs. Recent research highlights its efficacy in treating anxiety and seizures but also notes concerns over dependence and withdrawal.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, affects GABA-A receptors, leading to anxiolytic and sedative effects. Psychological impacts include reduced anxiety and improved mood. Long-term use can cause cognitive impairments and dependence. Effects generally last 6-12 hours, with recent research examining its role in treating anxiety and potential cognitive side effects.
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VIII. Culture
Diazepam, commonly known as Valium, has had a significant cultural impact since its introduction in the 1960s. It quickly became one of the most prescribed medications for anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. Its cultural significance extends to its portrayal in media and literature as a symbol of the tranquilizer culture of the mid-20th century. Notable figures, from celebrities to everyday people, have used diazepam, reflecting its widespread acceptance and use. However, its potential for dependence and abuse has sparked debates about the risks and benefits of benzodiazepines. Diazepam remains an important substance in discussions about mental health treatment and medication safety.
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