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Name: Dihydrocodeine combination product 90 mg/du
Type: Opioid
AKA: Synalgos-DC, Compal
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
Combination product. Main active ingredient: Dihydrocodeine
(4R,4aR,7S,7aR,12bS)-3-methoxy-4a,7-dimethyl-2,4,4a,7,7a,13-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-ol 
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IV. History
Dihydrocodeine, a semi-synthetic opioid, has been used since the 1960s for its analgesic properties. It is often combined with other medications in combination products to enhance pain relief. Its use has been significant in managing moderate to severe pain and continues to be utilized in various formulations.
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V. Legal Information
Dihydrocodeine is an opioid used for pain management. Its combination products are controlled due to the potential for abuse and addiction. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - III
Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Dihydrocodeine combination products are used for pain relief and cough suppression. Dihydrocodeine acts as a downer, causing sedation and analgesia. Short-term use is effective for managing pain and cough, but long-term use may lead to dependence and tolerance. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression. Safe use requires careful dosing and medical supervision. Recent research focuses on its effectiveness and safety compared to other pain relievers.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Dihydrocodeine, an opioid, affects opioid receptors, causing euphoria and cognitive impairment. Immediate effects include mood enhancement and pain relief, lasting several hours. Long-term use can lead to dependence and psychological issues such as depression. Research indicates significant mental health risks with chronic use, including severe mood disturbances and potential for addiction.
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VIII. Culture
Dihydrocodeine is an opioid used for pain management. Its cultural significance is related to its role in treating moderate to severe pain and its association with opioid use. Media coverage often focuses on the opioid crisis and the challenges of managing opioid medications like dihydrocodeine. The substance is used medicinally and is part of discussions about pain management, addiction, and public health.
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