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Name: Diphenoxylate
Type: Antidiarrheal
AKA: N/A
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Diphenoxylate, developed in the 1960s, is an opioid used as an antidiarrheal. It is often combined with atropine to discourage abuse. Its primary use is in treating diarrhea, and it remains a significant medication in gastroenterology.
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V. Legal Information
Diphenoxylate, an opioid used to treat diarrhea, is classified as a controlled substance in many jurisdictions due to its potential for abuse. Its status reflects efforts to manage opioid use and prevent misuse.
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Diphenoxylate is an opioid used to treat diarrhea. It acts as a downer, causing reduced gastrointestinal motility. Short-term use is effective for managing diarrhea, but long-term use can lead to constipation and potential dependency. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression and potential death. Safe use involves careful dosing and medical supervision. Recent research examines its effectiveness and safety profile compared to other anti-diarrheal agents.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Diphenoxylate, an opioid, affects opioid receptors to provide analgesia and mood alteration. Immediate effects include euphoria and cognitive impairment, with long-term use carrying risks of dependence and psychological issues. Research examines its efficacy and abuse potential.
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VIII. Culture
Diphenoxylate is an opioid used to treat diarrhea, classifying it as a downer. Short-term use reduces bowel movements and alleviates diarrhea, while long-term use may lead to dependence and tolerance. Overdose can result in severe respiratory depression and potentially fatal outcomes. Safe dosages are medically prescribed, typically under 20 mg per day. Recent findings emphasize caution in prescribing due to addiction risks. Physical effects include drowsiness, constipation, and reduced bowel movements.
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