|
Name: Fentanyl
Type: Synthetic opioid
AKA: Duragesic, Oralet, Actiq, Sublimaze, Innovar
|
|
II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
 |
|
III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
|
|
IV. History
Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, was first synthesized in the 1960s. It was developed for its potent analgesic properties and is used in pain management. The compound's high potency has made it a valuable medication in controlled settings but has also led to significant abuse and overdose issues, prompting regulatory measures.
|
|
V. Legal Information
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid used medically for pain management. Due to its high potential for abuse and addiction, it is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States. Globally, its use is tightly regulated to prevent misuse and overdose, with severe penalties for illegal production and distribution. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
|
|
VI. Physical Effects
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic opioid used for pain management. It acts as a downer, causing sedation, respiratory depression, and constricted pupils. Short-term use is effective for severe pain relief, but long-term use can lead to addiction, tolerance, and severe health issues. Overdose risks include fatal respiratory depression. Safe use involves strict dosing and medical supervision. Recent research highlights its potency and overdose risks compared to other opioids.  |
|
VII. Psychological Effects
Fentanyl, a potent opioid, interacts with mu-opioid receptors, providing strong euphoria and analgesia. Immediate effects include intense mood elevation and sedation, lasting several hours. Long-term use can lead to severe addiction, cognitive impairments, and mood disorders. Research highlights its potency and associated risks of psychological dependence and cognitive effects.
 |
|
VIII. Culture
Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid used in pain management. Its cultural significance is linked to its role in the opioid crisis, with media coverage often focusing on its potency, risk of overdose, and addiction potential. Fentanyl is used medicinally but also has a significant impact on discussions about opioid abuse and harm reduction.
 |