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Name: Fentanyl related-substances as defined in 21 CFR 1308.11(h)
Type: Synthetic opioid
AKA: N/A
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Fentanyl-related substances, defined in 21 CFR 1308.11(h), include a range of synthetic opioids similar to fentanyl. Developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, these substances are potent and used primarily in medical settings for pain management. Due to their high potency and risk of overdose, they are tightly regulated.
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V. Legal Information
Fentanyl-related substances, as defined in 21 CFR 1308.11(h), are regulated due to their similarity to fentanyl and potential for abuse. In the US, these substances are controlled under the Federal Analog Act and other regulations to manage opioid misuse and prevent addiction.
US Federal Schedule - I
Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples of Schedule I drugs are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Fentanyl-related substances, as defined by regulatory guidelines, include various potent synthetic opioids. As downers, they cause significant sedation and respiratory depression. Short-term effects include pain relief and euphoria, while long-term use can lead to severe addiction and tolerance. Overdose risks involve severe respiratory depression and potential fatality. Safe use requires precise dosing and medical supervision. Recent research focuses on their potency and challenges in managing overdose risks.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Fentanyl-related substances, potent opioids, affect opioid receptors to produce intense euphoria and sedation. Immediate effects include profound mood changes and cognitive impairment, with long-term use leading to significant mental health issues and dependence. Research examines their high potency and potential for abuse.
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VIII. Culture
Fentanyl and its analogs have had a significant impact on modern society, particularly in the United States. Originally developed for pain management in cancer patients, its high potency has led to widespread misuse and has been a major driver of the opioid crisis. Historically, opioids have been used for centuries in various cultures for pain relief and recreational use. In modern culture, fentanyl's illegal distribution has led to high-profile overdoses, including celebrities like Prince. The drug is both praised for its medicinal benefits in controlled environments and vilified for its role in overdose deaths. It has caused significant social and legal conflicts, with debates on drug policy and harm reduction measures.
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