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Name: Heroin
Type: Opioid
AKA: Diacetylmorphine, diamorphine
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II. Natural Derivative
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IV. History
Heroin, or diacetylmorphine, was first synthesized from morphine in 1874 by C. R. Alder Wright. It was later marketed by Bayer as a cough suppressant and pain reliever in the early 20th century. Heroin quickly became known for its highly addictive properties, leading to widespread abuse and social issues. It is now a controlled substance worldwide, with significant efforts directed towards combating its illegal production and distribution.
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V. Legal Information
Heroin is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the US, indicating its high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. Globally, heroin is similarly regulated under international drug control laws. Historically, it was once used medically but became heavily restricted due to its addictive properties. Recent trends include increasing efforts to address heroin addiction through harm reduction and treatment programs, but it remains illegal in most jurisdictions.
US Federal Schedule - I
Schedule I drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse. Some examples of Schedule I drugs are: heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), marijuana (cannabis), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), methaqualone, and peyote.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Heroin, an opioid, provides powerful pain relief and euphoria. As a downer, it induces significant sedation and respiratory depression. Short-term effects include pain relief and a euphoric rush, while long-term use can lead to addiction, cognitive impairment, and health complications. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression and potential fatality. Safe dosing is challenging due to high addiction potential. Recent research highlights its potency and the challenges of managing addiction.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Heroin, an opioid, profoundly affects the brain’s opioid receptors, leading to intense euphoria, sedation, and pain relief. Psychological effects include severe mood swings and potential cognitive decline with long-term use. Effects can last 4-6 hours, with significant risks of addiction and mental health issues. Recent research focuses on its impact on mental health and treatments for opioid use disorder.
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VIII. Culture
Heroin, derived from morphine, has a profound cultural history and impact. First synthesized in the late 19th century, it was initially marketed as a non-addictive morphine substitute and cough suppressant. Its cultural significance is immense, particularly in the context of addiction and the opioid epidemic. Throughout the 20th century, heroin became synonymous with the dark side of drug culture, impacting music, literature, and art. Notable figures, from jazz musicians to contemporary artists, have struggled with heroin addiction, reflecting its pervasive influence. The substance remains a focal point in discussions about addiction, public health, and drug policy.
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