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Name: Hydrocodone
Type: Opioid
AKA: dihydrocodeinone
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Hydrocodone, a semi-synthetic opioid, was developed in the 1920s as a derivative of codeine. It is used for pain relief and cough suppression. Hydrocodone's introduction marked significant advancements in opioid medications, with its use evolving over time. Regulatory controls have been implemented to manage its potential for abuse and addiction.
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V. Legal Information
Hydrocodone, an opioid used for pain relief, is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the US due to its high potential for abuse. Globally, its status reflects similar controls to manage its use in pain management and prevent misuse.
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Hydrocodone, an opioid analgesic introduced in the 1920s, is used for pain relief and cough suppression. It acts as a downer, causing sedation and analgesia. Physical impacts include respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, and constricted pupils. Short-term use is effective for managing pain and cough, but long-term use may lead to dependence and tolerance. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression and potential death. Safe use requires careful dosing and medical supervision. Recent research focuses on its effectiveness and safety compared to other opioids.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Hydrocodone, an opioid, impacts opioid receptors to provide analgesia and mood alteration. Immediate effects include euphoria and cognitive impairment, with long-term use carrying risks of dependence and mental health issues. Research focuses on its efficacy and abuse potential.
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VIII. Culture
Hydrocodone is an opioid used for pain relief, classifying it as a downer. Short-term use provides significant analgesia, while long-term use can lead to dependence, tolerance, and severe health issues. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression and potentially fatal outcomes. Safe dosages are typically prescribed by medical professionals. Recent research emphasizes its effectiveness in pain management but warns of high abuse potential and associated risks. Physical effects include drowsiness, constricted pupils, and respiratory depression.
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