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Name: Ketamine
Type: Dissociative anesthetic
AKA: Special K, K
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Ketamine, introduced in the 1960s, is a dissociative anesthetic used in surgery and pain management. Its role in mental health treatment has been explored since the 1990s, showing potential for treating depression and PTSD.
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V. Legal Information
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse. In the US, it is listed under Schedule III.
US Federal Schedule - III
Schedule III drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a moderate to low potential for physical and psychological dependence. Schedule III drugs abuse potential is less than Schedule I and Schedule II drugs but more than Schedule IV. Some examples of Schedule III drugs are: products containing less than 90 milligrams of codeine per dosage unit (Tylenol with codeine), ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic with both anesthetic and psychedelic properties. As an upper, it induces altered states of consciousness and euphoria. Short-term effects include dissociation and analgesia, while long-term use may lead to psychological issues and urinary tract problems. Overdose risks involve severe agitation and respiratory depression. Safe use requires cautious dosing, and recent research highlights its therapeutic potential and risks.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, affects NMDA receptors, leading to altered perception and mood. Immediate effects include dissociation and euphoria, with effects lasting up to an hour. Long-term use may lead to cognitive impairments and persistent mood changes. Recent research highlights its potential for treating depression, but also risks of dependence and cognitive decline with frequent use.
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VIII. Culture
Ketamine, originally developed as an anesthetic, has a complex cultural history. It gained prominence in the 1960s for medical use and later became popular as a recreational drug and in club culture for its dissociative effects. Modern cultural discussions focus on its potential therapeutic benefits for depression and PTSD versus its potential for abuse. Proponents highlight its efficacy in treatment-resistant cases, while opponents caution about its abuse potential. Its cultural significance spans medical, recreational, and therapeutic contexts.
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