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Name: Lorazepam
Type: Benzodiazepine
AKA: Ativan
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Lorazepam, commonly known as Ativan, is a benzodiazepine first developed in the 1960s. It is used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. Lorazepam is known for its potency and relatively short duration of action. It has a high potential for dependence and abuse, leading to its regulation as a controlled substance.
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V. Legal Information
Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, is classified as a Schedule IV controlled substance in the US due to its potential for abuse and dependence. Globally, it is similarly regulated, with controls focused on preventing misuse while allowing for its medical use in treating anxiety and other conditions.
US Federal Schedule - IV
Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, is used for its anxiolytic and sedative effects. As a downer, it causes significant drowsiness and muscle relaxation. Short-term effects include reduced anxiety and improved sleep, while long-term use can lead to dependence and cognitive impairment. Overdose risks involve severe sedation and respiratory depression. Safe dosing typically ranges from 1-4 mg. Recent research emphasizes its effectiveness for anxiety and sleep disorders but also notes concerns over potential misuse.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, enhances GABA-A receptor activity, leading to anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle relaxant effects. Psychological responses include reduced anxiety and improved mood. Immediate effects last several hours, but long-term use can result in dependence, cognitive decline, and memory impairments. Research focuses on its efficacy for anxiety disorders and potential cognitive side effects, with findings highlighting risks of tolerance and dependence.
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VIII. Culture
Lorazepam, a benzodiazepine, has no significant cultural lore but is well-known in modern medicine for its anxiolytic and sedative properties. It is widely used to treat anxiety and seizures, with significant cultural impact in discussions about benzodiazepine use and dependency. Proponents include medical professionals who emphasize its therapeutic benefits, while opponents warn of its potential for abuse and dependence. Its use is strictly medicinal, with debates about its safety, appropriate use, and the challenges of managing benzodiazepine dependency.
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