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Name: Methamphetamine
Type: Stimulant
AKA: Desoxyn, D-desoxyephedrine, ICE, Crank, Speed, Meth
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Methamphetamine, a potent central nervous system stimulant, was first synthesized in the early 20th century. It gained prominence in the mid-20th century for its use in various medical applications and later as a recreational drug. Its history is marked by its significant impact on public health and drug policy.
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V. Legal Information
Methamphetamine is a powerful stimulant classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. due to its high potential for abuse and addiction. Globally, methamphetamine is similarly controlled, with many countries imposing stringent regulations to combat its production and distribution. The trend towards stricter control reflects ongoing efforts to address methamphetamine abuse and its public health impacts. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Methamphetamine, a powerful stimulant, increases alertness and energy. As an upper, it raises heart rate and blood pressure. Short-term effects include increased energy and euphoria, while long-term use can lead to severe cardiovascular issues, addiction, and cognitive decline. Overdose risks include severe agitation, psychosis, and cardiovascular problems. Safe dosing varies based on use, typically 5-30 mg. Recent research highlights its effectiveness for certain conditions but emphasizes the high risk of addiction.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Methamphetamine, a powerful stimulant, affects dopamine and norepinephrine systems, causing intense euphoria and increased energy. Immediate effects include mood enhancement and cognitive stimulation, lasting several hours. Long-term use can lead to severe psychological issues such as anxiety, paranoia, and cognitive decline. Research indicates significant mental health risks with chronic use, including potential for severe addiction and psychosis.
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VIII. Culture
Methamphetamine has a complex cultural significance. Developed in the early 20th century, it was initially used for its stimulant properties in medicine. However, it later became associated with recreational use and significant public health issues. Its impact includes debates over its use in medical versus recreational contexts, with proponents focusing on its effectiveness in certain medical treatments, while opponents highlight its addictive nature and societal harms. It has been a significant issue in the opioid and stimulant crises.
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