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Name: Oxymorphone
Type: Opioid
AKA: Numorphan
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Oxymorphone, a potent opioid analgesic, was developed in the 1910s. It is used for managing severe pain and has been a significant part of opioid analgesia. Its historical impact includes its role in pain management and its influence on the development of opioid medications.
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V. Legal Information
Oxymorphone is a potent opioid used for pain management, classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the U.S. due to its high potential for abuse and dependency. Globally, it is regulated similarly, with many countries placing it under strict control to manage its use and prevent abuse. Trends are towards more stringent controls as part of broader efforts to address the opioid crisis. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Oxymorphone is a potent opioid used for pain relief. It acts as a downer, causing significant sedation and respiratory depression. Short-term use provides effective pain management, but long-term use can lead to addiction and tolerance. Overdose risks include severe respiratory depression and potential death. Safe use requires precise dosing and medical supervision. Recent research explores its potency and safety compared to other opioids.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Oxymorphone, a potent opioid, provides euphoria, pain relief, and sedation. Immediate effects include mood elevation and cognitive impairment. Long-term use can lead to addiction, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms. Chronic use is associated with mood disorders, cognitive decline, and high overdose risk. Recent research highlights its potent effects and risks of addiction and mental health issues similar to other opioids.
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VIII. Culture
Oxymorphone, an opioid analgesic, has been used medicinally since the mid-20th century. It has no significant cultural lore but is well-documented in medical literature. It is used predominantly in North America and Europe for severe pain management. Modern culture highlights its role in the opioid epidemic, with proponents advocating for its medicinal benefits and opponents emphasizing the risks of addiction and abuse. Its cultural impact is tied to the broader context of opioid use, regulation, and the ongoing public health crisis.
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