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Name: Pentobarbital
Type: Barbiturate
AKA: Nembutal
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Pentobarbital, a barbiturate, has been used since the 1930s for its sedative and hypnotic effects. It is employed in anesthesia and as a treatment for seizures. Its use has decreased with the development of safer medications, but it remains significant in certain medical settings.
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V. Legal Information
Pentobarbital, a barbiturate used for sedation and euthanasia, is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse. Its status reflects regulations aimed at managing its use and preventing misuse.
US Federal Schedule - II
Schedule II drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence. These drugs are also considered dangerous. Some examples of Schedule II drugs are: combination products with less than 15 milligrams of hydrocodone per dosage unit (Vicodin), cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Pentobarbital is a barbiturate used as a sedative and for treating seizures. It causes sedation, reduced heart rate, and impaired motor function. Short-term use is effective for sleep and seizure management, but long-term use can lead to dependence, cognitive impairment, and significant health issues. Overdose risks include severe sedation, respiratory depression, and potential death. Safe use involves precise dosing and medical supervision. Recent research emphasizes its efficacy and risks associated with prolonged use.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Pentobarbital, a barbiturate, affects GABA-A receptors to provide sedation and mood alteration. Immediate effects include relaxation and cognitive impairment, with long-term use potentially leading to dependence and cognitive decline. Research focuses on its use in sedation and potential psychological impacts.
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VIII. Culture
Pentobarbital is a barbiturate used for sedation and euthanasia. It has been used since the 20th century and is noted for its role in both medical and veterinary contexts. Its cultural significance includes debates about its use in euthanasia and discussions about barbiturate safety. Proponents highlight its effectiveness, while opponents raise ethical and health concerns. Its use spans both medicinal and controversial contexts.
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