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Name: Phenobarbital
Type: Barbiturate
AKA: Luminal, Bellergal-S
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
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IV. History
Phenobarbital, a barbiturate, was developed in the early 20th century and was one of the first medications used to treat epilepsy and anxiety. It remains in use today as an anticonvulsant and sedative, although it has been largely replaced by newer medications with fewer side effects.
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V. Legal Information
Phenobarbital is a barbiturate used for seizure control and sedation. It is tightly regulated due to its potential for abuse and dependence. [Source: UNODC].
US Federal Schedule - IV
Schedule IV drugs, substances, or chemicals are defined as drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples of Schedule IV drugs are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Phenobarbital is a barbiturate used for seizure control and sedation. It causes sedation, reduced heart rate, and constricted pupils. Short-term use effectively controls seizures, while long-term use can lead to dependence, cognitive impairment, and liver damage. Overdose risks include severe sedation and respiratory depression. Safe use involves careful dosing and medical supervision. Recent research focuses on its efficacy in seizure management and risks of long-term use.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
N/A
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VIII. Culture
Phenobarbital, a barbiturate developed in the early 20th century, has been used in medicine for its sedative and anticonvulsant properties. Historically, it was a common treatment for epilepsy and anxiety. Its cultural impact includes its role in early psychiatric treatment and its decline due to the rise of newer drugs. Proponents value its effectiveness in managing seizures, while opponents highlight its potential for addiction and the emergence of safer alternatives. It is used medicinally in clinical settings and has influenced the development of subsequent medications.
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