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Name: Synthetic Cannabinoids
Type:
AKA: K2, Spice
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II. Natural Derivative
Synthetic substance, no natural derivative
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III. Chemical Profile (IUPAC name)
Various - Synthetic Cannabinoids represent a class of compounds. Example: 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole (JWH-018)
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IV. History
Synthetic cannabinoids were first developed in the 1980s for research into the endocannabinoid system. These compounds mimic the effects of THC, the active component in cannabis. Initially intended for therapeutic uses, synthetic cannabinoids quickly entered the recreational drug market. They are often sprayed onto plant material and smoked, marketed as 'spice' or 'K2'. Due to their unpredictable effects and potential for harm, many synthetic cannabinoids have been banned worldwide.
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V. Legal Information
Synthetic cannabinoids are broadly regulated under international drug control laws due to their potential for abuse and health risks. In the US, many synthetic cannabinoids are classified as Schedule I substances under the Controlled Substances Act. Various countries have implemented specific bans and regulations targeting these substances due to their rapid emergence and potential for severe adverse effects. Global trends indicate increasing restrictions and regulatory efforts to address the risks associated with synthetic cannabinoids.
Key US Federal Policies:
Controlled Substances Act. Public Law: Public Law 91-513 (text can be found on GovInfo) (https://www.dea.gov/drug-information/csa). Date enacted: October 27, 1970.
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VI. Physical Effects
Synthetic cannabinoids, including compounds like K2 or Spice, are designed to mimic THC effects but often with unpredictable results. As an upper, they can cause intense euphoria, altered perception, and increased heart rate. Short-term effects include anxiety, paranoia, and hallucinations, while long-term use can lead to severe mental health issues and addiction. Overdose risks include acute psychosis and cardiovascular problems. Safe use is challenging due to the variability in potency and effects. Recent findings emphasize the need for regulation and caution due to high health risks and potential for severe adverse effects.  |
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VII. Psychological Effects
Synthetic cannabinoids affect the endocannabinoid system, causing altered mood, perception, and cognition. Psychological effects include euphoria, anxiety, and hallucinations. The duration of effects varies, with risks of severe mental health issues, including psychosis and addiction. Ongoing research examines their impact on mental health and neurobiology.
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VIII. Culture
Synthetic cannabinoids, developed in the late 20th century, have garnered attention for their potent effects and legal gray areas. Unlike natural cannabis, these lab-created substances have often been marketed as legal alternatives, leading to widespread use, particularly among youth. Their cultural impact is significant, influencing music, street culture, and media representations of drug use. However, they have also sparked significant health concerns due to unpredictable and often severe side effects. Proponents argue for their potential in medical research, while opponents highlight the public health risks. The debate continues, reflecting broader societal discussions on drug regulation and safety.
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